Friday, 22 October 2021

VOICES FROM CHERNOBYL: THE ORAL HISTORY OF A NUCLEAR DISASTER – SVETLANA ALEXIEVICH

 

 

          Svetlana Alexievich was born in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine in 1948.  Though she started her career as a journalist, she developed her own nonfiction genre and won many international awards, including the 2015 Nobel Prize for literature.  Her ‘Voices from Chernobyl’ is a compilation of interviews with the survivors of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident that occurred on 26th April 1986.  It is the first book to present the personal accounts of the tragedy.  This is the oral history of those affected by the disaster like the self settlers, refugees from Tajikstan, firemen, soldiers, pilots, officials and bureaucrats.

          Voices from Chernobyl, begins with the story of the young pregnant wife of Vasily Ignatenko, named Lyudmilla Ignatenko.  It was Vasily, the fire fighter who reached first at Reactor IV of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the night after the explosion.  There was a tall flame and smoke.  Everything was radiant including the sky.  At seven in the morning Lyudmilla was told that her husband Vasily was in the hospital.  On reaching hospital, the policemen shouted, “The ambulances are radioactive. Stay away.”  With the help of a doctor friend, she entered the hospital and saw Vasily.  He was all swollen and puffed up.  As he needed milk, she went outside and bought milk.  As he and other patients like him started throwing up because of the excessive use of milk, they got put on IVS. The doctors said they had been poisoned by gas.  They didn’t say anything about radiation.

          As there was a sea of people in the evening, Lyudmilla couldn’t get into the hospital.  She came to know that all the patients were being taken to Moscow that night.  When all wives decided to go with them, they were asked to bring dresses for them.  When all came running back with the bags, the plane was already gone.  Even though she was six months pregnant, she decided to go to Moscow.  It was not easy to find the special hospital for radiology, where the Chernobyl victims were admited.  She had to bribe and beg many to enter and meet the head radiologist, Angelina Vasilevna Guskova.  When she asked whether she had kids, Lyudmilla not only hid that she was pregnant but said that she had two children, a boy and a girl.  She knew, otherwise, she wouldn’t be allowed to meet her husband.  She was allowed to spend half an hour with Vasily.

          There were twenty-eight from Pripyat.  They were all sitting on the bed, playing cards and laughing.  When she got some privacy she hugged him and kissed him.  But, the next day everything changed.  Some were knocking on the walls with their knuckles.  The doctors said everyone’s body began to react differently to radiation and what one person could handle another couldn’t.  Vasily too started to change.  The burns started to come to the surface.  They came off in layers.  The colour of his face and body changed to blue, then red and then grey-brown.  In fourteen days he died.  It was the victory day, 9th May.  As the body was very radioactive, it had to be buried in a Moscow cemetery in a special way in sealed zinc caskets.  They were heroes of the State.  So, they belonged to the State.

          Two months later she went back to Moscow. When she visited the grave, as she started going into labour, she was taken to the hospital.  It was a girl.  She called out “Natashenka’. It was the name her father suggested.  Though she looked healthy, she had cirrhosis of the liver and had heart disease.  Four hours later Natashenka died.  Her body too was taken away by them.  In Kiev, Lyudmilla was given an apartment in a large building.  The survivors like Lyudmilla were living there apart from the people who worked at the Station.  That’s why the place is called Chernobylskaya, where the invalids with bad diseases live.  Often they die in a minute when they walk or sleep.  Such is the power of radiation, even after years of explosion.  Unfortunately, there are so many atomic reactors throughout the world.  More countries are building the same too.  Here, no doubt Lyudmilla’s words, as an eye opener, give us a timely warning.  Thus, Svetlana aptly presents the testimony of Lyudmilla and reacts to the human enthusiasm for nuclear power.


-------Thulasidharan V

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